Epilepsy Surgeries
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What is Epilepsy?
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Seizures occur due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain, which can affect how a person appears or acts for a short time. The intensity and symptoms of these seizures vary widely, ranging from brief lapses of attention or muscle jerks to severe and prolonged convulsions.
Causes of Epilepsy
Epilepsy can result from various underlying conditions, including:
Genetic Factors: Some types of epilepsy are inherited, meaning they run in families.
Brain Injury: Trauma from accidents, strokes, or infections can damage the brain and lead to epilepsy.
Developmental Disorders: Conditions such as autism and neurofibromatosis are linked to epilepsy.
Brain Conditions: Tumors, vascular malformations, and other brain abnormalities can cause epilepsy.
Symptoms of Epilepsy
Convulsions: Uncontrollable shaking or jerking movements of the arms and legs.
Loss of Consciousness: Temporary loss of awareness or responsiveness.
Staring Spells: Brief periods of unresponsiveness, often mistaken for daydreaming.
Sensory Disturbances: Unusual sensations, such as tingling, dizziness, or visual disturbances.
Behavioral Changes: Sudden changes in mood, emotions, or behavior.
Types of Epilepsy
1. Focal Epilepsy
Focal epilepsy, also known as partial epilepsy, originates in one specific area of the brain. Symptoms depend on the brain region affected and can include sensory, motor, or autonomic disturbances.
2. Generalized Epilepsy
Generalized epilepsy involves simultaneous abnormal activity in multiple areas of the brain. Common seizure types include absence seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, and myoclonic seizures.
Surgeries
1. MTS Surgery
Medial Temporal Sclerosis (MTS) surgery aims to remove the affected portion of the temporal lobe to control seizures.
2. ECOG Guided Resection
Electrocorticography (ECOG) guided resection uses real-time brain mapping to identify and remove epileptogenic zones.
3. RF Lesioning Procedure
Radiofrequency (RF) lesioning involves targeting and destroying small areas of brain tissue causing seizures.
4. Hemispherotomy
Hemispherotomy is a procedure where one hemisphere of the brain is surgically disconnected to control severe epilepsy.
5. Corpus Callosotomy
Corpus Callosotomy involves cutting the corpus callosum to prevent seizure spread between the two brain hemispheres.
6.Posterior Quadrant Disconnection Surgery
This surgery disconnects the posterior quadrant of the brain, including the occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes, to control seizures originating from this region.
7.Vagal Nerve Stimulation (VNS)
Vagal Nerve Stimulation involves implanting a device that sends electrical impulses to the vagus nerve to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures.
8 .Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for Epilepsy
DBS for Epilepsy involves implanting electrodes in specific brain areas to deliver electrical stimulation that helps control seizures.
9 .Stereo-EEG Procedure
Stereo-EEG (SEEG) is a minimally invasive procedure that uses depth electrodes to record electrical activity from multiple brain regions to precisely locate the seizure focus for targeted treatment.
Vagal Nerve Stimulation(VNS)
